Influence of the Flexible Liposomes on the Skin Deposition of a Hydrophilic Model Drug, Carboxyfluorescein: Dependency on Their Composition

This study focuses on the effect of different flexible liposomes containing sodium cholate, Tween 80, or cineol on skin deposition of carboxyfluorescein (CF). Size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, and stability of the prepared vesicles were evaluated. The influence of these systems on the skin deposition of CF utilizing rat skin as membrane model was investigated. Results showed that all of the investigated liposomes had almost spherical shapes with low polydispersity (PDI < 0.3) and particles size range from 83 to 175 nm. All liposomal formulations exhibited negative zeta potential, good drug entrapment efficiency, and stability. In vitro skin deposition data showed that flexible liposomes gave significant deposition of CF on the skin compared to conventional liposomes and drug solutions. This study revealed that flexible liposomes, containing cineole, were able to deliver higher amount of CF suggesting that the hydrophilic drugs delivery to the skin was strictly correlated to the vesicle composition

Numerical investigations of shallow water waves via generalized equal width (GEW) equation

In this article, a mathematical model representing solution of the nonlinear generalized equal width (GEW) equation has been considered. Here we aim to investigate solutions of GEW equation using a numerical scheme by using sextic B-spline Subdomain finite element method. At first Galerkin finite element method is proposed and a priori bound has been established. Then a semi-discrete and a Crank-Nicolson Galerkin finite element approximation have been studied respectively. In addition to that a powerful Fourier series analysis has been performed and indicated that our method is unconditionally stable. Finally, proficiency and practicality of the method have been demonstrated by illustrating it on two important problems of the GEW equation including propagation of single solitons and collision of double solitary waves. The performance of the numerical algorithm has been demonstrated for the motion of single soliton by computing L∞ and L2 norms and for the other problem computing three invariant quantities I1, I2 and I3. The presented numerical algorithm has been compared with other established schemes and it is observed that the presented scheme is shown to be effectual and valid

Pacifica: Poetry International: Revolutions in Tunisian Poetry

A collection of contemporary poetry from Tunisia, including poems in translation with their French and Arabic original texts

The homotopy analysis method for solving the Fornberg–Whitham equation and comparison with Adomian’s decomposition method

AbstractIn this work, an analytical technique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM), is applied to obtain an approximate analytical solution of the Fornberg–Whitham equation. A comparison is made between the HAM results and the Adomian’s decomposition method (ADM) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The results reveal that HAM is very simple and effective. The HAM contains the auxiliary parameter ħ, which provides us with a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series